（1）柔性高尤其適合小批量的三維鈑金切割。

(1) High flexibility, especially suitable for small batch 3D sheet metal cutting.

其高柔性主要表現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：

Its high flexibility is mainly manifested in two aspects:

，對(duì)材料的適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，激光切割機(jī)通過(guò)數(shù)控程序基本可以切割任意板材。

Firstly, it has strong adaptability to materials, and laser cutting machines can basically cut any sheet metal through CNC programs.

第二，加工路徑由程序控制，如果加工對(duì)象發(fā)生變化，只須修改程序即可，這一點(diǎn)在零件修邊、切孔時(shí)體現(xiàn)得尤為明顯。由于修邊模、沖孔模對(duì)其他不同零件的加工無(wú)能為力，而且模具的成本高，所以目前三維激光切割有取代修邊模、沖孔模的趨勢(shì)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，三維機(jī)械加工的夾具設(shè)計(jì)及其使用比較復(fù)雜，但激光加工時(shí)對(duì)被加工板材不施加機(jī)械加工力，這使得夾具制作變得很簡(jiǎn)單。此外，一臺(tái)激光設(shè)備如果配套不同的硬件和軟件，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)多種功能。

Secondly, the machining path is controlled by the program. If the machining object changes, only the program needs to be modified, which is particularly evident during part trimming and hole cutting. Due to the inability of trimming and punching molds to process other different parts and the high cost of molds, there is currently a trend for 3D laser cutting to replace trimming and punching molds. Generally speaking, the design and use of fixtures for 3D mechanical processing are relatively complex, but during laser processing, no mechanical processing force is applied to the processed sheet metal, making fixture production very simple. In addition, if a laser device is equipped with different hardware and software, it can achieve multiple functions.

總之，在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中，三維激光切割在提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)效率，縮短產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)周期、降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、節(jié)省原材料等方面優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯。因此，盡管設(shè)備成本高、一次性投資大，國(guó)內(nèi)還是有很多汽車(chē)、飛機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠家購(gòu)進(jìn)了三維激光加工機(jī)，部分高校也購(gòu)進(jìn)了相應(yīng)設(shè)備進(jìn)行科研，三維激光技術(shù)勢(shì)必在我國(guó)制造業(yè)中發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越大的作用。

In practical production, 3D laser cutting has obvious advantages in improving product quality, production efficiency, shortening product development cycles, reducing labor intensity, and saving raw materials. Therefore, despite high equipment costs and large one-time investments, many domestic automobile and aircraft manufacturers have purchased 3D laser processing machines, and some universities have also purchased corresponding equipment for scientific research. 3D laser technology is bound to play an increasingly important role in China's manufacturing industry.

（2）光纖激光切割機(jī)器人優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，用工業(yè)機(jī)器人代替五軸機(jī)床，兩者都能進(jìn)行空間軌跡描述實(shí)現(xiàn)三維立體切割。工業(yè)機(jī)器人的重復(fù)定位精度比五軸機(jī)床稍低，約為±100μm，但這完全可以滿足汽車(chē)鈑金覆蓋件和底盤(pán)行業(yè)的精度要求；而采用工業(yè)機(jī)器人大大降低了系統(tǒng)的成本造價(jià)，減少了耗電系統(tǒng)費(fèi)用和系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行維護(hù)費(fèi)用，減少了系統(tǒng)的占地面積。

(2) The first advantage and disadvantage of fiber laser cutting robots is the use of industrial robots instead of five axis machine tools, both of which can perform spatial trajectory description to achieve three-dimensional cutting. The repeated positioning accuracy of industrial robots is slightly lower than that of five axis machine tools, about ± 100 μ m. But this can fully meet the precision requirements of the automotive sheet metal covering parts and chassis industry; The use of industrial robots greatly reduces the cost of the system, reduces the cost of power consumption and system operation and maintenance, and reduces the footprint of the system.

第二，光纖激光相比傳統(tǒng)激光，具有更好的切割質(zhì)量，更低的系統(tǒng)造價(jià)，更長(zhǎng)的使用壽命和更低的維護(hù)費(fèi)用，更低的耗電。關(guān)鍵是光纖激光器的激光可以通過(guò)光纖傳輸，方便與工業(yè)機(jī)器人連接，實(shí)現(xiàn)柔性加工。

Secondly, compared to traditional lasers, fiber laser has better cutting quality, lower system cost, longer service life, lower maintenance costs, and lower power consumption. The key is that the laser of the fiber laser can be transmitted through the fiber, making it convenient to connect with industrial robots and achieve flexible processing.

第三，本系統(tǒng)的缺陷是只能加工金屬工件，不能加工非金屬工件。這是因?yàn)楸鞠到y(tǒng)采用的是光纖激光，其波長(zhǎng)為1064nm，相對(duì)于波長(zhǎng)為10640nm的CO2激光，不易為非金屬材料所吸收。

Thirdly, the only drawback of this system is that it can only process metal workpieces and cannot process non-metallic workpieces. This is because this system uses fiber laser with a wavelength of 1064nm, which is less easily absorbed by non-metallic materials compared to CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10640nm.

第四，采用工業(yè)機(jī)器人＋光纖激光器的組合進(jìn)行加工，修邊沖孔等工藝一次完成，切口整齊無(wú)需后道工藝再處理，這樣既大大縮短了工藝流程，降低了人工成本和模具費(fèi)用的投入，也提高了產(chǎn)品檔次和附加值。選配離線編程軟件，通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬直接生成切割軌跡，拋棄了繁雜的人工示教，更加適合小批量多批次的維修市場(chǎng)、新品試制和非標(biāo)定制等個(gè)性化的切割需求。三種加工方式對(duì)比如附表所示。

Fourthly, a combination of industrial robots and fiber lasers is used for processing, and processes such as trimming and punching are completed in one go. The incisions are neat and do not require further processing. This not only greatly shortens the process flow, reduces labor and mold costs, but also improves product grade and added value. Optional offline programming software is equipped to directly generate cutting trajectories through numerical simulation, eliminating the tedious manual teaching and making it more suitable for personalized cutting needs such as small batch and multi batch maintenance markets, new product trial production, and non-standard customization. The comparison of the three processing methods is shown in the attached table.

第五，光纖激光技術(shù)與數(shù)字控制技術(shù)融合，代表著的激光切割水平；的激光切割機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)，電腦操作，能夠保證切割質(zhì)量，使切割工作更方便，操作更簡(jiǎn)單；配置智能機(jī)械手，可實(shí)現(xiàn)三維立體切割，操控方便，智能化程度高，保證設(shè)備的高速度、高精度、高可靠性；激光切割頭配置進(jìn)口激光切割頭，反應(yīng)靈敏、準(zhǔn)確，與機(jī)械手有效配合，可避免切割頭與加工板材碰撞，并能保證切割焦點(diǎn)位置，保證切割質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定；激光切割頭可承受1.0MPa氣體壓力，高壓氣路設(shè)備，提高了對(duì)不銹鋼等難切割材料的切割能力。

Fifth, the perfect integration of advanced fiber laser technology and digital control technology represents the advanced level of laser cutting; A professional laser cutting machine control system, computer operated, can ensure cutting quality, making cutting work more convenient and operation simpler; Equipped with an intelligent robotic arm, it can achieve three-dimensional cutting with convenient operation and high degree of intelligence, ensuring high speed, precision, and reliability of the equipment; The laser cutting head is equipped with an imported laser cutting head, which is sensitive and accurate in response, and effectively cooperates with the mechanical arm to avoid collision between the cutting head and the processed board. It can also ensure the position of the cutting focus and stable cutting quality; The laser cutting head can withstand a gas pressure of 1.0MPa, and the high-pressure gas path equipment improves the cutting ability of difficult to cut materials such as stainless steel.

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